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of 71prepare blood for a transfusion. You have the following three
processed blood packs available:
IN RF..DBLOOD CELLS (RBCs)
Contents: 2.5 wt% white blood cells (WBCs); 50.0 wt% isotonic fluid; the rest
is RBCs.PACK A-ENlUCHEDPACK B-ENRlCHEDIN SERUM PROTEINSContents: 50.0 wt% serum proteins; 1.0 wt% WBCs; 18.0 wt% isotonic fluid;
the rest is RBCs.
PACKCContents: 100.0 wt% isotonic fluid.
All three packs must be mixed in the correct proportions to generate blood for
a transfusion pack. The transfusion pack needs to have the following composition: 2.0 wt% WBCs and 12.6 wt% serum proteins.
(a) Write out mass conservation equations for RBCs, WBCs, isotonic fluid,
serum proteins, and total mass.
(b) Calculate the weight percents (wt%) of RBCs and isotonic fluid in the
transfusion pack.
(c) What is the ratio of the mass of pure isotonic fluid (Pack C) to the mass of
Pack A? What is the ratio of the mass of Pack B to the mass of Pack A?
~.6 ln an industrial process to make alcohol, bacteria, sugar, and water are fed
into a bioreactor. The bacteria make alcohol out of the sugar; and the stream
leaving the bioreactor contains bacteria, alcohol, and water as well as leftover
sugar. We desire to remove all the cells from the process stream so we may purify our alcohol product. The process stream enters a separator where the cellular components are separated from the rest of the stream. The entering
process stream contains 30 wt% alcohol, 5 wt% sugar, 10 wt% cells, and the
rest water. Two product streams, a cell-rich stream and a cell-free stream, leave
the separator. The cell-rich stream is 90 wt% cells, 2.5 wt% sugar, 0.5 wt%
alcohol, and 7 wt% water.
(a) Write out species mass conservation equations for alcohol, bacteria, sugar,
and water. Write a total mass conservation equation.
(b) How many of the mass balance equations are linearly independent?
(e) Determine the composition of the cell-free stream.
3.7 A synthetic hemoglobin-based blood substitute would be invaluable in situations where donated blood supplies run low. In early substitutes, the hemoglobin molecule was genetically modified to improve its affinity for
oxygen.
Modified hemoglobin is dried with sodium chloride (1.0 wt%) and
potassium phosphate (1.0 wt%). The dried hemoglobin solution is combined
with a solid salt mixture containing sodium bicarbonate (50.0 wt%), sodium
chloride (20.0 wt%), and potassium phosphate. Each blood bag contains
2.0 X 102 g total, which includes the dried modified hemoglobin mixture and
the dried salt mixture. When the blood substitute is needed, water is added to
the dried mixture. To reconstitute, 8.0 X 102 g of water is added to each bag.
In the reconstituted solution (containing water, hemoglobin, and salts), the
modified hemoglobin must be at least 19 wt%.