Anyon, Jean. “Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work”. Rereading America: Cultural

Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing, 162.1, (2013): 78-163. Print.

According to Jean Anyon in her article “Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work”, she noted that “It’s no surprise that schools in wealthy communities are better than those in poor communities, or that they better prepare their students for desirable jobs” (80). Being the main audience in professional educators she argued that schools in wealthy communities were doing well than those in poor communities. She observed that the vast differences in performances were not as a result of economic statuses, but how well the children were prepared to occupy specific rungs on the social ladders. Moreover, she observed for the schools in poor communities, children were only prepared to become future doctors, lawyer and business leaders, but they lacked correspondent personality traits that related to their future careers. Although the article was based on empirical evidence, it is outdated and therefore, cannot be used on the current studies on challenges of education.

Colombo, Gary, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for

Critical Thinking and Writing. New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. Print.

Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle as authors of the book, “Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing”, encourage students to “delve deeper into the conflicting views about some of the most popular cultural myths in the society” (25). The book mentions that cultural diversity as one of the key challenges that influence the complexities of education in the American society. The book provokes students to explore the contradictions arising from the dominant cultural myths in an attempt to understand and overcome the challenges of education. The book has relied on up to date sources which makes it relevant and reliable.

Dohn, Nina Bonderup. “Web 2.0: Inherent tensions and evident challenges for education”.

International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 4.3, (2009): 343-363

Nina Dohn in her article, “Web 2.0: Inherent tensions and evident challenges for education”, introduces Web. 2.0 as new web-mediated communication practices that facilitates learning through collaborative knowledge construction. In a quote, Dohn says that, “it is the practical challenges that lead to the underutilization of web-mediated communication practices for the education purposes” (350). The article proposes that through evaluation, collaboration, students can develop the practical experience needed for their learning activities using web-mediation. The article has used up to date information; therefore, I find that the article is relevant. Moreover, the article is reliable since it has used variety of source and as such, it can be used for further research on the challenges of education.

Gudmundsdottir, Greta Björk and Kristin Beate Vasbo. Methodological Challenges When

Exploring Digital Learning Spaces in Education. New York, Springer, 2014. Print.

Greta Gudmundsdottir and Kristin Vasbo, the authors of the book “Methodological Challenges When Exploring Digital Learning Spaces in Education”, have identified that children are using technology in their daily activities than ever before. They have observed that “over the last decade, the practices by which the scholarly knowledge is produced-both within and across disciplines-have been substantially influenced by the appearance of digital information resources” (1). However, they have argued that there is still a challenge regarding the traditional education system that is still being used to teach students. The author proposes that new methodologies should be used to enhance education within the digital learning spaces. I think the book provided relevant and reliable information since it uses information that has been published recently. As a result, the book can be used for further research on challenges of education.

Hug, Annelise Carleton and J. William Hug. “Challenges and opportunities for evaluating

environmental education programs”. Evaluation and Program Planning, 32.2, (2010): 159–164

Annelise Hug and Hug William in the article, “Challenges and opportunities for evaluating environmental education programs”, have argued that, “Environmental education organizations can do more to either institute evaluation or improve the quality of their evaluation”. (160). The article focuses on environmental education organizations and argues that they can institute high quality evaluation systems for the improvement of education. The article is more informative since it is based on wide range of studies. I find the article is relevant and reliable.

Kozol, Jonathan. “Still Separate, Still Unequal”. Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for

Critical Thinking and Writing, 311.1864, (2013): 112-150. Print.

Jonathan Kozol in the article, “Still Separate, Still Unequal”, observed that “Schools that were already deeply segregated twenty-five or thirty years ago are no less segregated now…” (120). Kozol focused on the earlier perception in United States and it argued that access to knowledge was influenced by racial segregation. On the contrary, the article shows that the United States has implemented laws that have ensured that there is no single race that will be barred from accessing education. The article relied on wide range of literature materials to develop its inferences; nevertheless, despite the article was published a long time ago, I think that it is still reliable and can be used for further research.

Sen, Paramita, Pinaki Dey Mullick, Gopalkrishna Chakrabarti and Arnab Das. “Emerging

Challenges and Consequences of Evaluation Process in School Education: An Ethnographic Insight”, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach and Studies, 2.1, (2015): 276-288.

Paramita Sen, Pinaki Mullick, Gopalkrishna Chakrabarti and Arnab Das in their article, “Emerging Challenges and Consequences of Evaluation Process in School Education: An Ethnographic Insight”, have focused on education policies which are implemented in the learning institutions. They have argued that, “Development, revision, supplementation, and alteration of the evaluation strategy plays significant role in shaping new and better educational programs” (277). As a result, they have argued that participation of the students, teachers and the parents, can be useful to ensure standard education is implemented in schools”. One of the strengths of the article is the use of various research findings to back up its inferences. The article is also based on empirical findings; as a result, I think that it can be suitable for further research on the challenges of education.

¨tzky, Anna Kosmu and Terhi Nokkala. “Challenges and trends in comparative higher education:

an editorial”, Springer. 67, (2014): 369–380

Anna ¨tzky and Terhi Nokkala in the article, “Challenges and trends in comparative higher education: an editorial”, paid attention to the comparative higher education and in particular, the benefits of higher education at the international level. They argued that “…methodological debates about comparing higher education internationally and how best to compare them emerged hand-in-hand with the field’s growth in popularity” (370). As a result, they emphasized that there is need to globalize the higher education through collective leadership; in an effort to achieve standard international studies”. However, the writers of the article did not use clear and simple language which would be easier for someone to understand. In addition, the article focused only on one issue. Therefore, I think that that it is not suitable for future research.

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