Traditional cost accounting has been based on allocating a subjective or calculated range of indirect expenses to direct costs. Activity Based Costing (ABC) offers an alternative approach. Much of the textbook work on ABC refers to examples from large-scale manufacturing, yet according to the UK government Statistics Office (Chamberlin, 2011) small and medium–sized enterprises (fewer than 250 employees) account for 99.9 per cent of all enterprises in the UK private sector, whilst representing 59.8 per cent of employment and 49.0 per cent of turnover. The UK services industries account for around 75% of total value–added in the UK and the Public Sector accounts for about 45% of total UK spending.

Required:

Discuss how a UK public sector organisation might use ABC to (a) produce product costs for services, and to (b) evaluate the internal efficiency, quality and profitability per product or service line. Both benefits and drawbacks must be considered.

Your answer must be supported by reference to relevant literature, logical argument, and MUST include worked examples to illustrate your arguments. All reference to literature must be referenced in Harvard Style. The validity and reliability of all literature must be considered except where its source is a peer-reviewed journal. The literature you refer to does not need to be about UK public sector organisations: you may find journal articles from other countries, or articles about small or large private enterprises. Such articles might help you to discuss applying the principles of ABC from one type of organisation to another, from one country to another, or to discuss differences between private and public sector organisations

Your work must be submitted to Moodle in a Word document. Only one document may be submitted, any work in Excel or other software must be copied and pasted into your Word document. Appendices are limited to three pages and MUST be referred to in the body of the essay. Word limit: 2500 (not including references section or appendices) The work may be produced individually or in pairs. NB if submitted as a pair, each will receive the same overall mark.

All students must submit their work, where work is done in a pair BOTH students must EACH submit a copy of the work, clearly identifying BOTH authors. All submitted work must the original work of either the individual or pair. All references to external concepts and theory must be properly cited and referenced, and all direct quotes must be properly cited and referenced. ________________________________________

AMA coursework, rationale for focusing on public sector organisations is that:

a) This covers a large proportion of economic activity in the UK but is largely ignored by textbooks – if you are to understand ABC you should understand it in the context of all sectors (manufacturing is well covered in the textbooks).

b) It is an opportunity for you to do some wider reading and not rely solely on the textbooks and lectures – at level 6 it is important to demonstrate that you have engaged in self-directed learning.

c) By focusing on a context not covered in lectures you will need to think carefully about ABC, not just in terms of product costing, but in terms of evaluating internal efficiency, quality and profitability per ‘product’ or service line – there is some work in the literature on this; and also on cost/benefit.

Reference:

Chamberlin, G. (2011) Economic & Labour Market Review. Vol. 5. Newport: The Government Statistical Service