Q1. 21st century tool, identify two potential causes for DNA mutation. Identify which part of the cell cycle these mutations most likely occurred. Clarify how those mutations can potentially result in cancer. Ensure you list all references used for information and images.

Q2. What are the three main ions that play a role in the equilibrium membrane potential? What ion drives the potential, and why?

Q3. A typical prokaryotic cell has about 3000 genes in its DNA, while a typical human cell has about 25,000 genes. About 1000 of these genes are present in both types of cells. Based on your understanding of evolution, explain how such different organisms could have the same subset of genes. What kinds of functions might these shared genes have?