Use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole

How would increasing temperature affect diffusion rate
April 7, 2020
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April 8, 2020

Use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole

plants use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole membrane to power the accumulation of salts and sugars in the organelle. this creates a hypertonic situation. why does this not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting? even under isotonic conditions there is a slow leakage of ions into animal cells. how does the plasma membrane Na+/ K+ ATPase enable animal cells to avoid osmotic lysis under isotonic conditions?