Answer the following questions:
(1) What was the cause and outcome for the 1848 Revolution in France? How and why was it defeated? Describe Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as a politician. How do you explain the concept of Bonapartism in politics?
(2) What was the cause and the outcome of the 1848 Revolutions in Central Europe (Germany and Austria)? Discuss how and why these Revolutions were defeated as well. What role did nationalism play in their course? What was the conservative response to the Revolutions?