Question 1: Which part of the body would a person who is having a heart attack sometimes feel referred pain?

right arm

left arm

right leg

left leg

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT an effector of the autonomic nervous system?

cardiac muscle

smooth muscle

adipose tissue

skeletal muscle

Question 3: Identify the eye structure labeled “A”

corneal limbus

lateral canthus

lacrimal caruncle

medial canthus

Question 4: In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?

decreased insulin secretion

decreased cardiac output

decreased sweating

decreased or difficulty breathing

Question 5: Which of the following parameters would chemoreceptors NOT monitor the levels of?

CO2 levels

blood pH

O2 levels

N2 levels

Question 6: The 2 neurons that make up an ANS motor electrical pathway are called the ____________ neuron and the ____________ neuron.

pre-receptor and post-receptor

pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic

pre-synaptic and post-synaptic

pre-nuclear and post-nuclear

Question 7: Diabetic retinopathy develops because abnormal blood vessels grow into the space adjacent to the neural part of the retina, causing cellular damage and ultimately blindness. Which of the following cells form the deepest layer of the neural part of the retina?

amacrine and horizontal cells

bipolar cells

ganglionic cells

rods and cones

Question 8: The acronym PRL stands for the hormone named

peri-renal hormone

peptide-releasing hormone

parathyroid hormone

prolactin

Question 9: Identify the neuron structure labeled “C”.

golgi apparatus

mitochondrian

neurofilament

nissl bodies

Question 10: Which part of the diencephalon relays and process sensory information?

pons

hypothalamus

thalamus

brain stem

Question 11: Identify the type of neural circuit labeled “E”?

convergence

reverberation

serial processing

divergence

Question 12: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as_______________.

Lou Gehrig’s disease

multiple sclerosis

Huntington’s chorea

muscular dystrophy

Question 13: Tim has suffered a vasovagal loss of consciousness, commonly known as fainting. Environmental triggers, including the smell of the anatomy lab and the sight of the cadaver, caused a momentary malfunction of his autonomic nervous system (ANS). How is the structural organization of the ANS different from or similar to that of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

They are different. In the ANS, central nervous system motor neurons synapse with and exert direct control over the visceral effectors.

They are different. In the ANS, motor neurons of the central nervous system do not directly control visceral effectors. They synapse with visceral motor neurons in ganglia, and the ganglionic neurons control the visceral effectors.

Both the ANS and the SNS have the same organization: an upper motor neuron that synapses with a lower motor neuron that directly innervates muscle.

Both the ANS and the SNS have the same organization: a visceral motor neuron that synapses with a preganglionic neuron that synapses with the ganglionic neuron that innervates the visceral effectors.

Question 14: Which of the following stimuli would NOT be monitored by special sensory receptors?

visceral organs

hearing

equilibrium

vision

Question 15: Underproduction or tissue insensitivity of which hormone causes Addison’s disease?

FSH

mineralocorticoids

glucocorticoids

epinephrine

Question 16: Which of the following is NOT one of the three classes of mechanoreceptors?

proprioceptors

thermoreceptors

baroreceptors

tactile receptors

Question 17: When a person faints, their sympathetic division of the ANS fails, while the parasympathetic division goes into overdrive. Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve causes the individual’s heart rate to slow, the force of contractions to decrease, and blood pressure to drop. As a result, blood flow to the brain decreases, causing a fainting episode. Which part of the brain is critical for maintaining consciousness through its interactions with the cortex?

the reticular activating system

limbic system

nucleus basalis

general interpretive center

Question 18: In a condition called detached retina, the neural part of the retina separates from the pigmented part. Blindness may result if blood supply to the photoreceptors cannot be restored. These photoreceptors are called?

rods and cones

ganglion cells

amacrine and horizontal cells

bipolar cells

Question 19: When blood glucose levels are high

the pancreas releases insulin

the pancreas releases glucagon

the liver releases insulin

the liver releases glucagon

Question 20: Pain receptors located in the epidermis are called _______________.

nociceptors

tactile receptors

Merkel discs

chemoreceptors

Question 21: Years of illegal drug use have left a patient with anterograde amnesia. Which of the following regions is probably affected?

amygdala

nucleus basalis

all of the answers are correct

hippocampus

Question 22: The scientific term for eyelid is

caruncle

fissure

canthus

palpebra

Question 23: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is related to which the underproduction of which hormone?

cortisol

GH

insulin

ADH

Question 24: Which ion causes repolarization of the neuron during an action potential?

sodium

potassium

calcium

magnesium

Question 25: Identify the cranial nerve labeled “E”.

oculomotor nerve

optic nerve

facial nerve

olfactory nerve

Question 26: Which glial cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF?

neurons

oligodendrocytes

ependymal cells

astrocytes

Question 27: Which of the following tactile receptors is a diagram of a Ruffini corpuscle?

E

F

C

D

Question 28: According to the Clinical Note “Alzheimer’s disease”, which is NOT true concerning early-onset Alzheimer’s?

it can be caused by long-term aspirin use

early-onset accounts for less than 5% of Alzheimer’s cases

it has been linked to genes on a few different chromosomes, including chromosome 21

a majority of individuals with Down’s syndrome develop it

Question 29: Tears are lacrimal secretions which contain 2 bactericidal proteins called

 

IgG and lysozyme

IgG and appozyme

IgA and appozyme

IgA and lysozyme

Question 30: Primary endocrine disorders may be due to damage to the hormone producing organ. If a person has damage to the thyroid gland from repeated exposure to radiation therapy, which of the following is least likely to be part of a primary endocrine disorder for this individual?

none of the answers are correct

hyposecretion of calcitonin

hyposecretion of T3 and T4

decreased osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin

Question 31: Assessing spinal nerve damage may involve the use of a vibration fork that is tapped along segments of the spinal nerve pathway. Which type of sensory receptor detects vibrations?

proprioceptors

thermoreceptors

tactile receptors

baroreceptors

Question 32: While out for a walk, Mary suddenly meets an angry dog. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes that occurs as she turns and runs?

parasympathetic

sympathetic

afferent

somatic

Question 33: Identify the eye structure labeled “E”.

iris

retina

sclera

pupil

Question 34: Which endocrine gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?

pituitary gland

adrenal gland

pineal gland

thyroid gland

Question 35: An individual with high blood pressure is given medication that blocks beta receptors. How could this medication help correct the person’s condition?

by increasing sympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)

none of the answers are correct

by decreasing or preventing sympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)

by decreasing or preventing parasympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)

Question 36: What causes glaucoma?

an increase in intraocular pressure due to the inability of aqueous humor to drain

elongation of the eyeball

diabetes mellitus

sudden hard impact to the eye

Question 37: Which condition develops because the posterior lobe of pituitary gland does not release adequate amounts of ADH?

Grave’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

diabetes insipidus

Addison’s disease

Question 38: Identify the structure in the spinal cord section labeled “D”

posterior median sulcus

posterior white commissure

anterior white column

anterior white commissure

Question 39: Writing nueron instead of neuron may indicate a condition known as dyslexia, in which letters are often switched within a word. Which of the following cortical functional areas is most likely affected?

gustatory area

general interpretive area

olfactory area

limbic system

Question 40: Identify the neuron type labeled “D”

unipolar

anaxonic

bipolar

multipolar

Question 41: Remember to take a screen shot of your grade for the Midterm Exam. If you don’t take a screen shot, you will not be able to verify your score if it doesn’t register in CANVAS. If you fail to take the screenshot and your score doesn’t register, you will not earn any credit for this exam. Please choose TRUE below.

True

False