1. Study the following food chain: grass 4 rabbits 4 snakes 4 hawks. From this chain, you can correctly assume that each population

A. is always larger than the one before it.
B. supports the next trophic level.
C. is a species of herbivore.
D. is a carnivore.

2. If the birthrate is 10 per 1,000 and the death rate is 10 per 1,000, then the growth rate is

A. 100%. C. 10%.
B. 20%. D. 0%.

3. Which of the following activities prevents sediment from reaching the coast?
A. Building dams
B. Building groins
C. Filling in wetlands
D. Constructing seawalls

4. Which one of the following phrases describes the countries of Asia and Africa?

A. MDCs experiencing rapid population growth
B. LDCs experiencing rapid population growth
C. MDCs experiencing slow population growth
D. LDCs experiencing slow population growth

5. Which of the following characteristics is representative of an opportunistic population?

A. It’s regulated by density-dependent effects.
B. It manifests logistic population growth.
C. Its members have a high dispersal capacity.
D. Its members are slow to mature.

6. The most common cause of desertification is

A. drought. C. the construction of dams.
B. mining. D. overgrazing.

7. Which one of the following interspecies relationships has a negative effect on both species?

A. Competition C. Parasitism
B. Predation D. Commensalism

8. During exponential growth, the rate of growth

A. remains steady over time.
B. starts slowly and then accelerates.
C. declines consistently over time.
D. starts quickly and then levels off.

9. A community is made up of

A. members of a given population. C. populations of a given area.
B. plant populations of a given area. D. organisms of the same species.

10. Which of the following does not describe an MDC?

A. It’s highly industrialized.
B. Its age structure diagram resembles a pyramid.
C. It has undergone the demographic transition.
D. It generally experiences replacement reproduction.

11. Which one of the following conditions is an example of resource partitioning?

A. Two species of birds that eat fruit from the same tree
B. Two species of mice-one that eats seeds; the other that eats insects
C. Two species of squirrels-one that eats acorns from the branches; one that eats acorns that have fallen to the ground
D. A species of butterfly and a species of bee that pollinate the same flower

12. Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A. Land C. Fossil fuels
B. Minerals D. Water

13. The process of chemical cycling is known as a biogeochemical cycle because it

A. absorbs the chemical involved from the sediment.
B. takes place over a long period of time.
C. involves both living and nonliving components.
D. withdraws the chemical from the atmosphere as a gas.

14. Which of these is an indirect value of biodiversity?

A. Regulation of climate C. Medicinal value
B. Agricultural value D. Consumptive use value

15. Which one of the following pollutants is responsible for the increase in skin cancer?

A. Nitric oxide
B. Polychlorinated hydrocarbons
C. Chlorofluorocarbons
D. Chlorine monoxide from automobiles

16. Among human populations, the primary use of fresh water is for

A. drinking and cooking. C. energy.
B. flushing toilets. D. agriculture and industry.

17. A source from which organisms generally take elements is called a/an

A. reservoir. C. exchange pool.
B. biotic community. D. food web.

18. The nitrogen utilized by most plants is derived from

A. the atmosphere. C. nitrogen gas.
B. soil. D. decayed organic matter.

19. The life history pattern in which population growth is logistic is called

A. equilibrium population. C. opportunistic population.
B. biotic potential. D. population density.

20. The result of the Green Revolution was

A. the protection of species diversity.
B. the conservation of topsoil.
C. an increased reliance on polyculture agriculture.
D. an increase in the yield of crops for less-developed countries.

21. In which relationship do both species benefit?

A. Commensalism C. Competition
B. Mutualism D. Parasitism

22. Rising sea levels and changes in weather patterns are possible outcomes of

A. imbalances in the carbon cycle.
B. the greenhouse effect.
C. leaching of phosphorus from sediments.
D. water loss to the atmosphere.

23. A complex of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem is called a/an

A. ecosystem. C. trophic stack.
B. ecological pyramid. D. food web.

24. Modern fishing practices threaten biodiversity primarily through the

A. accidental capture of unwanted species.
B. physical destruction of marine habitats.
C. removal of community food supplies.

25. Which of the following factors will have a greater impact on a population as the density of that population increases?

A. Climate C. Natural disaster
B. Predation D. Weather