HUMAN BIOLOGY

1. What is a karyotype?

2. What are the stages of interphase?

3. What are the phases of mitosis?

4. What is the function of mitosis?

5. What is the function of meiosis?

6. Following mitosis how does the chromosome number of the daughter cells compare to the parent cell?

7. What two general genetic conditions can be caused by nondisjunction?

8. What are 4 types of chromosome structural changes?

9. What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous genotype?

10. In genetics what symbol is used to identify a recessive allele?

11. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

12. Both a man and a woman are heterozygous for widow’s peak (point in the hairline). Widow’s peak is dominant over a straight hairline. What is the chance (percentage) that their child will have a straight hairline?

13. What is a monohybrid?

14. What is the difference between an autosomal recessive disorder and an autosomal dominant disorder?

15. Define polygenic inheritance.

16. Define sex-linked traits.

17. Explain why males have a greater chance of having hemophilia than females. Be specific.

18. What type of genotype will children have for a trait if both parents are homozygous recessive for it?

19. If an offspring shows a phenotype that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parents, what is this type of inheritance?

20. What type of inheritance is demonstrated by human blood types?

21. If one parent is type AB blood type and the other parent is type B blood type, could they have a child that is O blood type?

22. If one parent is type AB blood type and the other parent is type B blood type could they have a child that is A blood type?

23. Is there a relationship between the ABO blood type and the Rh type, or are they inherited independently?

24. What person is credited with introducing the gene for hemophilia into the royal families of Europe?

25. What is the genotypic ratio from a monohybrid cross?

26. Use the Punnett square application to determine the answers for questions 26 and 27 in the following simple monohybrid cross. (If you don’t understand how to fill in a Punnett square, you can use google for help.): A man who is homozygous recessive for attached earlobes (ee) has children with a woman who is heterozygous for attached/unattached earlobes (Ee). Use E for unattached lobes and e for attached lobes. Identify the alleles that would be entered for the female and for the male.

27. What percentage of the offspring are expected to show the recessive phenotype?

28. Use the Punnett square application to determine the answers for questions 28, 29 and 30 for the following simple monohybrid cross. (If you don’t understand how to fill in a Punnett square, you can use google for help.): A man who is heterozygous for cleft chin has children with a woman who is also heterozygous for cleft chin. Use C for the cleft chin allele and c for the non-clefted chin allele. The allele for cleft chin is dominant. Identify the alleles for the female and the male.

29. What percentage of the offspring are expected to show the dominant phenotype?

30. What percentage of the offspring are expected to have a heterozygous genotype?