1. Briefly describe the three levels of organization ecologists’ use: population, community, and ecosystem. Give an example of each using a well-known city.

2. Explain why the biosphere is considered closed and patchy.

3. Using the ecosystem of a suburban area, explain how the following abiotic factors influence plant growth and adaptability: sunlight, water, temperature changes, soil type, and winds.

4. How do the following affect communities: earth’s tilt, Trade Winds, prevailing winds, Gulf stream, Humboldt current, and rain shadow?

5. How do riverine environments differ from lake/pond environments?

6. How does temperature of a freshwater lake change with the seasons?

7. List four ways that the oceanic environment differs from the freshwater environment. Discuss one.