Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers
Coursework Assignment 2015-16
This coursework assignment contains three sections. The first section deals with measures of central tendency and dispersion, bivariate correlation and the standard normal distribution. Section 2 covers (i) simple bivariate regression (by hand/own calculations – you may use a calculator or spreadsheet but you must show your workings) and (ii) the interpretation of results from a simple linear regression model. In section 3 you are asked to carry out multiple regression analysis using SPSS and to write up your analysis of the results.

The sections carry the following marks:
Section 1 carries 20 marks;
Section 2 carries 30 marks;
Section 3 carries 50 marks.

Please ensure that you answer ALL three sections. Please ensure that you give appropriate time and space to each section.

The word limit is 3,000 words including any Appendices but excluding Tables and Bibliography.

Please make sure that you cite ALL the sources you’ve used and include them all in your bibliography using the Harvard style (details of the Harvard style can be obtained from the Academic Development Directorate on the Ground floor of the main SOAS building). Please read the guidance on plagiarism and how to avoid it and make sure your assignment does not contain any plagiarism (see the BSc International Management Handbook). Direct quotations must be placed in quotations marks and the source (author, year of publication and page number) included in the text. If you paraphrase from a sentence from another source you must cite the source (author, year of publication and page number) at the end of each sentence that contains paraphrased text. This is an individual assignment and it must be your own work, written by you.
Deadline: 17 March 2016

Section 1
1. A researcher has collected a sample of data on the rate of return on assets of companies operating in the motor vehicles industry in Japan.

Table 1 Rate of Return on Assets of Japanese Motor Vehicle Manufacturers

Company Rate of Return on Assets (%)
Company 1 6.1
Company 2 3.2
Company 3 -5.0
Company 4 4.6
Company 5 11.5
Company 6 8.2
Company 7 21.3
Company 8 -0.2
Company 9 10.1
Company 10 3.4
Company 11 5.3
Company 12 0.1
Company 13 8.4
Company 14 6.1
Company 15 5.9
Company 16 12.4
a) Use the mean, mode, median, range, variance and standard deviation to describe the sample of data. Round all your answers to 1 decimal place.

b) You have been asked by the Japanese Motor Vehicles Trade Association to write a 300-400 word report on the profitability of the companies and Motor Vehicles Manufacturers sector based on the above statistics. Provide your report including a discussion of the merits and dismerits of the statistical measures you have calculated in (a) and how these must be taken into consideration when interpreting the dataset in Table 1.
2. You have collected data on the stock prices all companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Market and have calculated that the mean share price is 510 and the standard deviation is 721. Round your answers to one decimal place and express your answers to (b) and (c) as percentages as well as probabilities.

a) Explain what is meant by the z-score and the Standard Normal Distribution and show how they can be used to calculate probabilities.

b) Calculate the probability that a company’s share price exceeds 600.

c) Calculate the probability that a company’s share price is less than 250.

3. You have been asked by a supermarket chain to test the hypotheses that advertising increases sales. You have been given time series data on sales and advertising for a leading manufacturing company. Answer ALL parts of this question:
Table 2 Advertising Expenditure and Sales, 2001-2010

Year Advertising Expenditure £m
Sales £000m
2001 50 32
2002 74 100
2003 19 12
2004 23 15
2005 82 61
2006 40 79
2007 186 125
2008 27 8
2009 20 12
2010 166 40
a) Set up a Null Hypothesis and an Alternative Hypothesis to test the relationship between Advertising Expenditure and Sales.

b) Use the data in Table 2 to calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Advertising Expenditure and Sales. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.

c) Calculate the t-ratio for Pearson’s correlation coefficient and determine whether the correlation coefficient is statistically significant at the 5% level using a one-tail test.

d) In light of your findings what advice would you give to the company regarding the effectiveness of advertising?

Section 2
4. A team of researchers aims to explore the hypothesis that productivity across countries is determined by investment in human capital. They have collected data on output per employee as a measure of productivity and the proportion of graduates in the workforce as a measure of human capital. The data are presented in Table 3. Using the cross sectional data in Table 3 answer all parts (a) to (e) below.

Table 3 Data on Productivity and Human capital for a sample of countries in 2005

Year
(Time)
Productivity
($000)
P
Human capital
(% of workforce with Degree)
H
China 26.1 11.2
Egypt 24.3 15.3
Ghana 19.6 12.4
India 27.2 15.3
Indonesia 15.6 10.5
Japan 46.6 30.5
Singapore 25.2 35.4
Vietnam 20.1 13.6
UAE 25.6 17.8
UK 45.0 28.4

a) Assuming that there is a linear relationship between productivity, P, and Human Capital, H, the researchers have set up the following linear model regression model:

Pi = ß1 + ß2Hi + ei

Where the subscript i denotes country and e is a random error term. Calculate ß1 and ß2 by hand using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression method.

b) Explain the meaning of the constant term ß1 and comment on its size and sign. Calculate the t-ratio for ß1 and determine whether ß1 significant at the 5% level. (Note that the standard error of the estimate of ß1 is 6.181).

c) Explain the meaning of the slope coefficient ß2 and comment on its size and sign. Carry out a t-test and state whether the coefficient is significant at the 5% level using a two-tail test. (Note that the standard error of the estimate of ß2 is 0.296).

d) Explain the meaning of the R2 statistic and the adjusted R2 statistic. The adjusted R2 statistic for this regression is 0.4. Comment on its size and provide an interpretation of this figure.

e) Outline the limitations of the OLS model specified in (a) above and suggest how these might be addressed by further statistical work and diagnostic tests.

Section 3

Part three question and data to follow.

Write-up your results clearly and carefully. Please do not simply cut and paste output from SPSS – look at how the results are presented in the articles discussed in Tutorial 1 (on BLE) and follow that style of presentation. Note that results that reject hypotheses are just as valuable as results that confirm hypotheses. The key thing is to write up your results as clearly and impartially as possible using your knowledge of quantitative methods and regression analysis.