1. Some scholars have argued that some of ibn Khalduns ideas might have influenced the social theories of Marx and Durkheim via early translations of parts of the Muqaddima into French. Discuss in what ways ibn Khalduns ideas may have been an influence on:
either: a) Marx theory of class struggle
or: b) Durkeims theory of social solidarity.2. Both Durkheims and Webers theories may in part be understood as a response to Marx. Discuss in what ways either a) Durkheim or b) Weber wrote “against” Marx.3. While Weber regarded the rationalisation of social life as the distinctive characteristic of modernity, Freud put the irrationality of the modern human at the centre of his analysis of modern civilisation. Do you see a contradiction between the two theories?