Identifiying direct or indirect

Paper instructions:
Kirszner and Mandell Portable Literature

When students write essays, they can sometimes have difficulty understanding when to include reference information. Using correct references is required to avoid plagiarism, but it can also be difficult. Read chapters 1 and 3 in the Kirszner text, and pay close attention to the 3 model student papers in Chapter 1. When you have completed your reading, respond to the following prompts in a paper of 2–3 pages:

How do the 3 student papers included in Chapter 1 identify the published materials that each quotes, either directly or indirectly?
How would you explain the rules of referencing sources to a student using these examples as a guide?