History Bodhi

A.    Bodhi
B.    Sudras
C.    Middle Path
D.    Brahman
E.    Longshan
F.    Karma
G.    Nirvana
H.    Dao
I.    Mandate of Heaven
J.    Vaisyas
K.    Dharma
L.    Well-field system

1.    ______the Hindu word roughly equivalent to God; the divine basis of all being; regarded as the source and sum of the cosmos
2.    ______in Hinduism and Buddhism, the law that governs the universe and specifically human behavior.
3.    _____Wisdom. Sometimes described as complete awareness of the true nature of the universe
4.    _____in Buddhist thought, enlightenment, the ultimate transcendence from the illusion of the material world; release from the wheel of life.
5.    _____a Neolithic society from near the Yellow River in China, sometimes identified by its black pottery
6.    _____the justification for the rule of the Zhou dynasty in China; the king was charged to maintain order as a representative of Heaven, which was viewed as an impersonal law of nature.
7.    ______a fundamental concept in Hindu (and later Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh) philosophy, that rebirth in a future life is determined by actions in this or other lives; the word refers to the entire process, to the individual’s actions, and also to the cumulative result of those actions
8.    _____a central concept of Buddhism, which advocates avoiding extremes of both materialism and asceticism; also known as the Eightfold Way.
9.    _____the theoretical pattern of land ownership in early China, named for the appearance of the Chinese character for well, in which farmland was divided into nine segments and a peasant family would cultivate one for its own use and cooperate with seven others to cultivate the ninth for the landlord.
10.    _____the classes that represented the great bulk of the Indian population from ancient times, mostly peasants, artisans, or manual laborers
11.    _____the third-ranked class in traditional Indian society, usually merchants.
12.    ____a Chinese philosophical concept, literally the Way, central to both Confucianism and Daoism, that describes the behavior proper to each member of society; somewhat similar to the Indian concept of dharma.

Section II Record your answers on the Scantron.

1.    The _______________ is the holy river in India
a.    Indus
b.    Ganges
c.    Godavan
d.    Brahmaputra
2.    The word varna, the Indian word for castes, means _____________.
a.    Level
b.    Class
c.    Color
d.    Income
3.    The warrior caste is called ___________.
a.    Vaisya
b.    Kshatriya
c.    Sudra
d.    Pariah
4.    The _________ is a system of extended families by which Indian society was organized.
a.    Guru
b.    Jati
c.    Patna
d.    Varna
5.    Who founded Jainism?
a.    Siddartha
b.    Mahavira
c.    Asoka
d.    Chandragupta Maurya
6.    The ______________ were religious stories and later writings brought to India by the Aryans.
a.    Pariahs
b.    Varnas
c.    Vedas
d.    Upanishads
7.    According to the Gautama Buddha, the fundamental cause of human suffering is
a.    Overeating
b.    Desire
c.    Hinduism
d.    Lack of faith
8.    Zhou kings developed what became the standard Chinese rationalization for the right to rule, the _________________.
a.    Divine right of kings
b.    Right to rule
c.    Mandate of heaven
d.    None of the above
9.    The Warring States period occurred during the time of the
a.    Han dynasty
b.    Zhou dynasty
c.    Shang dynasty
d.    Qin dynasty
10.    The First Emperor of China was
a.    Kautilya
b.    Kongfuzi
c.    Shi Huangdi
d.    Mencius
11.    Chinese scholars explain their history in the terms of the
a.    Dynastic cycle
b.    Civil wars
c.    Nomadic invasions
d.    None of the above
12.    The overall goal of Confucius’ teachings seems to have been
a.    Democratic government for China
b.    Social harmony
c.    Economic prosperity
d.    Military superiority
13.    The great desert to the north and west of the ancient center of Chinese culture is the
a.    Gobi
b.    Kalahari
c.    Mohave
d.    Sahara
14.    The Legalists believed that
a.    Human nature is basically good, disciplined, and selfless
b.    The laws of the Spartan state should be introduced in China
c.    The books of Shi Huangdi must be burned
d.    Human nature is basically selfish and undisciplined
15.    Emperor _____________ built roads for commerce and travel, and had fruit trees planted along them to provide shade and food.
a.    Asoka
b.    Darius
c.    Xerxes
d.    Cyrus
16.    The term Deccan refers to
a.    The island later known as Ceylon
b.    The period of decadence and instability that beset India in the third century BCE
c.    The region of the north where the Indus and Ganges rivers meet
d.    The southward reaching triangle on peninsular India
17.    The Mauryan dynasty collapsed around the year
a.    323 BCE
b.    King Porus defeated the Greeks at Hydaspas
c.    185 BCE
d.    CE 320
18.    The great king __________________ pursued the Buddhist middle path after the long and bloody campaign against the Kalinga.
a.    Chandragupta
b.    Bindusara
c.    Cyrus
d.    Ashoka
19.    Two masterpieces of Sanskrit culture around 200 CE were:
a.    Asha and Gathas
b.    Mahabharata and Ramayana
c.    Arthashastra and Shahanshah
d.    Shiva and Vishnu
20.    What was the first Chinese dynasty?
a.    Xia
b.    Shang
c.    Zhou
d.    Qin
21.    The Shang are known for their mastery of
a.    Bronze casting
b.    Calligraphy
c.    Pottery
d.    Alchemy
22.    According to the Rites of Zhou, kings ruled
a.    With divine right given by god
b.    Because they were talented and virtuous
c.    Because they had mandate of heaven
d.    Both because they were talented and virtuous and because they had a mandate of heaven
23.    The Olmec were the first civilization of ______________.
a.    Mesoamerica
b.    North America
c.    Central America
d.    South America
24.    The Olmec culture thrived during the period
a.    Circa 1500 to 400BCE
b.    Just prior to the arrival of Cortes
c.    When the first Native Americans were making their way across the Behring Straits
d.    Cir450 BCE to CE 200
25.    The great complex at La Venta seems to have expired in an outburst of violence around the year
a.    31 BCE
b.    1500 BCE
c.    CE 325
d.    400 BCE
26.    One noted authority on early American cultures has described the Olmecs as
a.    The Jaguar’s Children
b.    the clear and direct ancestors of the Inuit peoples
c.    the people of the Sun
d.    a people who reveled in their Andean glory
27.    Which of the following is associated with the Olmec civilization?
a.    Ball courts
b.    Beginnings of a writing system
c.    Widespread trading network
d.    Massive carved stones
e.    All of the above
28.    The Great Pyramid of the Sun is located in _____________.
a.    Teotihuacan
b.    Tenochtitlan
c.    Tikal
d.    Monte Alban
e.    La Venta
29.    The first major metropolis in Mesoamerica was _______________
a.    Teotihuacan
b.    Tenochtitlan
c.    Tikal
d.    Monte Alban
e.    La Venta
30.    What made the Mayan glyph system so difficult to decipher?
a.    Is contained dates
b.    It was primitive
c.    It was quipu based
d.    It used symbols borrowed from the Aztecs
31.    The American society with the most sophisticated writing system was the
a.    Inka
b.    Moche
c.    Maya
d.    Olmec
32.    All of the following have been considered possible explanations for the mysterious collapse of the Maya expect
a.    Overuse of the land
b.    A long drought
c.    A natural disaster
d.    An invasion by the Inka
e.    Internal revolt
33.    The Moche civilization was located inn
a.    Peru
b.    North America
c.    Guatemala
d.    Mesoamerica
34.    All of the following are true about the Moche civilization, except
a.    They made exquisite artwork
b.    They were peaceful and passive
c.    They used celestial symbols in their art
d.    They built a sophisticated irrigation system
e.    They created sophisticated pottery
35.    _______________ were groups of about 1000 people who were led by a single chief and participated in the same profession
a.    Chinampas
b.    Calpullis
c.    Tikal
d.    Zapotecs
36.    _________________ allowed the Aztecs and other Mesoamerican groups to produce enough food to feed their growing numbers
a.    Chinampas
b.    Calpullis
c.    Tikal
d.    Zapotecs
37.    How did the Inkas keep records?
a.    An alphabetic writing system borrowed from the Olmecs
b.    A phonetic alphabet
c.    None of these
d.    A hieroglyphic writing system
e.    Quipus
38.    The largest city complex among Amerindians in North America was located at
a.    Chico Canyon
b.    Pueblo Bonita
c.    Mesa Verda
d.    Tikal
e.    Cahokia
39.    In the most ancient, stateless societies, women
a.    Had basic equality with men
b.    Were prohibited from raising crops
c.    Did most of the hunting
d.    Ruled individual tribes
e.    Used a different written script than the men
40.    Which of the following is widely accepted as the true origins of the peoples of the New World?
a.    They were sailors from Africa
b.    They were migrants from northeastern Asia
c.    They were sailors from Asia
d.    They were refugees from Atlantis
41.    Early Mesoamerican peoples generally
a.    Accepted a radical dualism between the natural and supernatural worlds
b.    Had a strong sense of the oneness with the natural world
c.    Saw themselves as being spiritually above and apart from the animal species that inhabited their world
d.    Were very materialistic, even atheistic
42.    Chavin culture
a.    Is named for its capital city
b.    Was clearly based on the Olmec model
c.    Seems to have had no single center
d.    Thrived in the coastal lowlands and feared the heights
43.    Unlike the Olmec peoples, the inhabitants of the Chavin culture benefited from the bounty provided by
a.    Rice
b.    Beans
c.    The potato
d.    Maize
44.    The geographical region known as Mesoamerica is comprised of
a.    The Amazon basin and Mexico
b.    Mexico and Central America
c.    Peru and Bolivia
d.    Northern Mexico and the American Southwest
45.    _______________, built almost entirely of adobe, was greatly affected by natural disasters such as El Niño and earthquakes.
a.    Chan Chan
b.    Caral
c.    Machu Pichu
d.    Cuzco
46.    The ________________ connected their vast empire through 24,800 miles of roads.
a.    Inka
b.    Olmec
c.    Aztec
d.    Zapotec
47.    With a population of over 20,000, ___________ was the largest city in North America until the 19th century
a.    Tenochtitlan
b.    Teotihuacan
c.    Mesa Verde
d.    Cahokia
48.    The _____________ lived in cliff dwellings and created a system of roads that facilitated trade in the region
a.    Arawak
b.    Inka
c.    Anasazi
d.    Aztec
49.    Originating from the region of the Orinoco river, the ________________ moved eastward and from there to the Caribbean islands.
a.    Arawak
b.    Inka
c.    Anasazi
d.    Aztec
50.    The Caribbean ________________ culture has given such modern words as hurricane and barbecue.
a.    Arawak
b.    Caribe
c.    Taino
d.    None of the above