1.  List two ways that fungi may be beneficial to humans and two ways that they may be harmful to humans.

2. Fungi release digestive enzymes that break down their food before they ingest/absorb it. What is this
kind of digestion called?  What is a saprophyte?

3.  Some fungi are parasites.  What is the role of the haustorium in parasitic fungi?

4.  The body of a fungus is made up of many narrow filaments called  , which collectively
form the  .  The cell walls are composed of  .

5.  Some fungi exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction.  Asexual reproduction can include mitotic
production of haploid spores, budding, or fragmentation.  Sexual reproduction results in diploid zygotes.
Briefly explain sexual reproduction in fungi.  Make a distinction between plasmogamy and karyogamy.

PHYLUM: CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA (Common name:    )

6.  What distinguishes chytrids from other groups of fungi?

7. Parasitic chytrids are responsible for the disease chytridiomycosis  in what group of organisms?

PHYLUM: ZYGOMYCOTA  (Common name:    )
8.  Examine the Rhizopus life cycle in your lab manual, then view the Rhizopus  zygosporangium  slide
(#167-168).   Make a drawing of the zygosporangium.   Is this part of the life cycle exhibiting sexual or
asexual reproduction?   Why?

Rhizopus zygosporangium

9. Examine the slide (#165-166) with three different mold types. Find Rhizopus (black bread mold) and
make a drawing of the sporangium (asexual).

Rhizopus sporangium

PHYLUM: ASCOMYCOTA  (Common name:    )
10.  Examine the slide (#165-166) with three different mold types:  Find and draw the Penicillium.  Label
the conidia (i.e., spores).

Penicillium

11.  Examine the slide (#165-166) with three different mold types:  Find and draw the Aspergillus.  Label
the conidia (i.e., spores).

Aspergillus

12.  Carefully review Sexual Reproduction in Ascomycota in your lab manual.  What comprises the
ascocarp?   How many ascospores are eventually found in each mature ascus (after meiosis and
mitosis)?
13.  Examine the slide of Peziza asci (#169-170).  Make a drawing of the asci.  Label one ascus and its
ascopores.

Peziza

PHYLUM: BASIDIOMYCOTA  (Common name:    )
14.  Mushroom caps are only the fruiting bodies of club fungi, whereas the larger mycelium exists
underground.  What is the technical name for the visible mushroom that grows aboveground?

15.  Where are the club-shaped basidia found on mushrooms?

16.  Examine the slide (#163-164) of Coprinus.  Make a drawing and label the gills and the basidiospores.

Coprinus cap