From Slavery to Freedom, Edition 9, CHAPTER 11 and ODYSSEY PART 5B

Project description
1- summary the chapter 11 from the book from slavery to freedom ( 9th edition ) bout one page and half .

2- Explain the source from the part 5/B bout half page

African American Odyssey: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath (Part 2)
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African American Odyssey Introduction | Overview | Object List | Search
Exhibit Sections:
Slavery | Free Blacks | Abolition | Civil War | Reconstruction
Booker T. Washington Era | WWI-Post War | The Depression-WWII | Civil Rights Era |
Reconstruction and Its Aftermath
Part 1
Part 2: Fruits of Reconstruction | The Role of the Black Church
Fruits of Reconstruction
Freed Persons Receive Wages From Former Owner
Some emancipated slaves quickly fled from the
neighborhood of their owners, while others
became wage laborers for former owners. Most
importantly, African Americans could make
choices for themselves about where they labored
and the type of work they performed. This
account book shows that former slaves who
became free workers after the Civil War received
pay for their work on Hampton Plantation in
South Carolina. Hampton Plantation Account Book,
1866-1868.
South Carolina.
Handwritten manuscript.
Miscellaneous Manuscript
Collection, Manuscript Division. (5-
20)
A Hunger to Learn
Prior to the Civil War, slave states had laws
forbidding literacy for the enslaved. Thus, by
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Henry L. Stephens.
[Elderly black man with
spectacles reading a newspaper
by candlelight].
Watercolor, ca. 1863.
Prints and Photographs
Division.
Reproduction Number: LCUSZC4-
2442 (5-12)
emancipation, only a small percentage of African
Americans knew how to read and write. There was
such motivation in the African American community,
however, and enough good will among white and
black teachers, that by the turn of the twentieth
century the majority of African Americans could read
and write. Many teachers commented that their
classrooms were filled with both young and old,
grandfathers with their children and grandchildren, all
eager to learn. In this image, one aged man is reading
a newspaper with the headline, Presidential
Proclamation, Slavery.
Glimpses of the Freed Women
Northern teachers, many of whom were white
women, traveled into the South to provide
education and training for the newly freed
population. Schools from the elementary level
through college provided a variety of
opportunities, from the rudiments of reading and
writing and various types of basic vocational
training to classics, arts, and theology. This
school in Richmond shows women of color
learning the fine points of sewing.
James E. Taylor.
The Freedmen’s Union Industrial
School, Richmond, Va.
From Frank Leslie’s Illustrated
Newspaper, September 22, 1866.
Copyprint. Prints and Photographs
Division.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-
33264 (5-5)
African Americans And The Franchise
The Fifteenth Amendment to the U. S.
Constitution, ratified March 30, 1870, provided
that all male citizens were entitled to vote.
Because the black population was so large in
many parts of the South, whites were fearful of
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Alfred R. Waud.
The First Vote.
From Harper’s Weekly, November 16,
1867. Copyprint.
Prints and Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-
19234 (5-21)
their participation in the political process.
Nevertheless, the Radical Republicans in the
U.S. Congress were determined that African
Americans be accorded all of the rights of
citizenship.
The Fisk Jubilee Singers
A series of tours by the Fisk Jubilee Singers was
one of the most important factors in the spread of
the spiritual. The first tour in 1871 was to raise
money for Fisk University. It was the hearing of
these spirituals as sung by the Fisk Jubilee
Singers that first made general audiences
conscious of their beauty.
The first collection of the Fisk Singers’ spirituals
was published in 1872. An expanded and reset
collection appeared in 1875 as an appendix to a
history of the Jubilee Singers. These editions,
which were sold as souvenirs at concerts, spread
the spirituals in print as the Jubilee Singers
themselves spread them in performance. This
publication includes only a single spiritual sung
by the Fisk Jubilee Singers, although the
Library’s music collections include many
recordings of the Singers, as well as published
music.
I Am the Door.
From Songs of the Jubilee Singers
from Fisk University.
Sheet music.
Cincinnati: John Church & Co.,
1884.
Music Division. (5-16)
Teaching The Newly Freed Population
Sea-island School, No. 1,€“St. Helena
Island. Established in April 1862.
Education among the Freedmen, ca.
1866-70.
Broadside.
Rare Book and Special Collections
Published by the Pennsylvania Freedmen’s
Relief Association, this broadside is illustrated
with a picture of Sea-island School, No 1€“St.
Helena Island [South Carolina], Established
April, 1862. May 1863 letters from teachers
at St. Helena Island describe their young
students as the prettiest little things you ever
saw, with solemn little faces, and eyes like
stars. Vacations seemed a hardship to these
students, who were so anxious to improve
their reading and writing that they begged not
to be punished so again. Voluntary
contributions from various organizations aided
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Division.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-
107754 (5-2)
fourteen hundred teachers in providing
literacy and vocational education for 150,000
freedmen.
An African American Majority in the South Carolina Legislature
Radical Members of the First Legislature after the War, South Carolina.
Photograph.
1878.
Prints and Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-28044 (5-11)
Because blacks in South Carolina vastly outnumbered whites, the newlyenfranchised
voters were able to send so many African American representatives
to the state assembly that they outnumbered the whites. Many were able
legislators who worked to rewrite the state constitution and pass laws ensuring aid
to public education, universal male franchise, and civil rights for all.
Freedmen Navigate Legislative Shoals
Laws in Relation to Freedmen, U.S. Sen. 39th
Congress, 2nd Sess. Senate Executive Doc. No.
6. Washington: War Department, Bureau of
Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands,
1866-67.
Pamphlet.
Law Library. (5-17)
In order to regulate the activities of
newly freed African Americans,
national, state, and local governments
developed a body of laws relating to
them. Some laws were for their
protection, particularly those relating to
labor contracts, but others
circumscribed their citizenship rights.
This volume, compiled by the staff of
General Oliver O. Howard, the director
of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands€“usually called
the Freedmen’s Bureau€“provides a
digest of these laws in ten of the former
Confederate states up to 1867.
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Nineteenth Century Leaders
The only two African Americans to serve as
United States Senators in the nineteenth
century were Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram
Revels, both of Mississippi. Frederick
Douglass was appointed to several important
governmental positions in the years after the
Civil War, including Minister Resident and
Counsel General to Haiti, Recorder of Deeds,
and U. S. Marshall.
J. Hoover.
Heroes of the Colored Race.
Philadelphia, 1881.
Color lithograph with portraits of
Blanche Kelso Bruce, Frederick
Douglass, and Hiram Revels.
Prints and Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LC-USZC2-
10180 (5-7)
African American Men in Government
The First Colored Senator and
Representatives, in the 41st and
42nd Congress of the United
States.
Washington: Currier & Ives, 1872.
Color lithograph.
Prints and Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LCUSZC2-
2325, LC-USZ62-2814 (5-
6)
The Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
gave the vote to all male citizens regardless of
color or previous condition of servitude. African
Americans became involved in the political
process not only as voters but also as governmental
representatives at the local, state and national level.
Although their elections were often contested by
whites, and members of the legislative bodies were
usually reluctant to receive them, many African
American men ably served their country during
Reconstruction. Pictured here are Senator Hiram R.
Revels and Representatives Benjamin S. Turner,
Josiah T. Walls, Joseph H. Rainey, Robert Brown
Elliot, Robert D. De Large, and Jefferson H. Long.
Distinguished Colored Men
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This lithograph depicts not only African American
leaders during Reconstruction, but also forebears
who had distinguished themselves in earlier years of
American history, such as Richard Allen, founding
pastor and bishop of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church. Also pictured are Frederick
Douglass, Robert Brown Elliot, Blanche K. Bruce,
William Wells Brown, Richard T. Greener, Josiah
H. Rainey, Ebenezer D. Bassett, John Mercer
Langston, P.B.S. Pinchback, and Henry Highland
Garnett. These men served in a variety of positions,
as government officials, politicians, ministers,
educators, diplomats, lawyers, and businessmen.
George F. Crane.
Distinguished Colored Men.
New York: A. Muller, 1883.
Hand-colored lithograph.
Prints and Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LCUSZC4-
1561 (5-10)
The Role of the Black Church
The African American Church€“A Bulwark
Elizabeth White.
All God’s Chillun’s Got Wings!
Soft-ground etching and
aquatint, ca. 1933.
Ben and Beatrice Goldstein
Foundation, Prints and
Photographs Division.
Reproduction Number: LCUSZC4-
6164 (5-22)
Courtesy of the Sumter Gallery
of Art, Sumter, South Carolina.
In many African American communities, large and
small, the social, political, and economic life of the
people centered around the church. The pastor was
often the community leader, teacher, and business
strategist. Families often spent many hours at the
church each week or when the preacher came to their
community, sometimes only once or twice a month.
Activism in the Black Church
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This pamphlet discusses the history of this
African American denomination, educational
efforts among people of color in Ohio, and other
issues vital to the African American community
during Reconstruction. It provides important
historical data about the African Methodist
Episcopal Church (A.M.E.), especially in
Cincinnati, discusses the church’s diverse
ministries, and outlines the denomination’s
numerous uplifting and charitable endeavors in
the Cincinnati community. There is also
historical information about Wilberforce
University in Ohio, an institution of higher
education purchased by the A.M.E. Church in
1863.
Proceedings of the Semi-centenary
Celebration of the African
Methodist Episcopal Church of
Cincinnati . . . February 8th, 9th,
and 10th, 1874.
Edited by Rev. B. W. Arnett.
Cincinnati: H. Watkin, 1874.
Daniel A.P. Murray Pamphlet
Collection, Rare Book and Special
Collections Division. (5-3)
An African American Institution of Higher Learning€“Wilberforce University
The Wilberforce Alumnae:
A Comprehensive Review
of the Origin, Development
and Present Status of
Wilberforce University,
1885.
Compiled by B. W. Arnet
and S. T. Mitchell. Xenia,
Ohio: Printed at the Gazette
Office, 1885.
Pamphlet.
Daniel A.P. Murray
Pamphlet Collection, Rare
Book and Special
Collections Divisions. (5-4)
A group of Ohioans,
including four African
American men, established
Wilberforce University
near Xenia, Ohio, in 1856,
and named it after the
famous British abolitionist,
William Wilberforce. When
the school failed to meet its
financial obligations,
leaders of the African
Methodist Episcopal
Church purchased it in
1863.
The articles of association
of Wilberforce University,
dated July 10, 1863, state
that its purpose was to
promote education, religion
and morality amongst the
colored race. Even though
the university was
established by and for
people of color, the articles
stipulated that no one
should be excluded from
the benefits of said
The Wilberforce Alumnae: A
Comprehensive Review of the
Origin, Development and
Present Status of Wilberforce
University, 1885.
Compiled by B. W. Arnet and
S. T. Mitchell. Xenia, Ohio:
Printed at the Gazette Office,
1885.
Pamphlet.
Daniel A.P. Murray Pamphlet
Collection, Rare Book and
Special Collections Divisions.
(5-4)
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institution as officers,
faculty, or pupils on
account of merely race or
color.
Reconstruction and Its Aftermath: Part 1 | Part 2
Exhibit Sections:
Slavery | Free Blacks | Abolition | Civil War | Reconstruction
Booker T. Washington Era | WWI-Post War | The Depression-WWII | Civil Rights Era |
African American Odyssey Introduction | Overview | Object List | Search