Q1. A ‘red-hot; bacterial infection of the intestinal tract irritates the intestinal cells and interferes with digestion. Such a condition is frequently accompanied by diarrhea, which causes a loss of body water. On the basis of what you have learned about osmotic water flows, describe why diarrhea may occur.

Q2. Explain how these two processes are linked between plants and animals based on the reactants and products (water, carbon dioxide, glucose and oxygen) of both pathways.