Which of the following statements does not describe a mechanism that converts a proto oncogene to an oncogene?

a. a proto-oncogene is translocated to another chromosome and is now regulated by a very active promoter.

b. a egment of a chromosome that contains a photo-oncogene is deleted(removed) during S phase of the cell cycle.

c. a segment of a proto-oncogene that encodes the ligand binding domain of a receptor protein is deleted during s phase of the cell cycle, d. a segment of a chromosome that contains a proto oncogene is coppied three times during s phase  of the cell cycle, resulting in amplification of that region of chromosome.

e a promoter regulating transcription of a proto oncogene becomes constituively active

2. tumor suppressor proteins except

DNA repair enzyme msh3

the g2 checkpoint protein chfr

protein phosphatase 2a

cyclin dependent kinase 2(cdk2)

the cell cycle inhibitor p21

please give an explaination