Suppose that the extracellular concentration of Cl– is 123 mM and the intracellular concentrationis 4 mM. The membrane electrical potential (?V) is 0.06 V, inside negative relative to outside. At 298 K, for transport of Cl– ions from the outside into the cell: 1) Calculate the electrical potential term of […]

2. What other mechanisms would cause the differences in coleoptile length between light and dark grown seedlings? 3. Carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis enters the leaf via the stomata but water is also lost when these pores are open. Water is often limiting and to limit water loss through stoma […]

A 68-year-old man with chronic renal failure was in the hospital in serious condition recovering from a heart attack. He had just undergone “balloon angioplasty” to redilate his left coronary artery, and was thus on an “npo” diet (i.e. he was not allowed to have food or drink by mouth). […]

Ryan is a 30-year-old man who recently made the decision to talk with his doctor about a somewhat sensitive issue. He just celebrated his third anniversary with his wife, and they have started talking seriously about having kids. Though he knows this is a big step, Ryan has always wanted […]