Compare and contrast the Out of Africa (replacement) hypothesis of modern human origins with the Multiregional (continuity) hypothesis. Describe the main points of each as presented in the textbook. What does each say about the where and when of the origins of modern humans? What does the fossil evidence say? […]

1.A drug impairs oxyegen consumption on liver mitochondria at a buffer of 7.4pH, Mg, and adp. It inhibits O2 uptake if isocitrate, 2-ketoglutarate and malate were substrates, but it will NOT is succinate is a substrate. Where’s the site of inhibiiton: ATP synthase, malate dehydrogenase, Complex I, II, or III […]

A biotech company Helix, has obtained tissue from normal mice and from mice that have especially engineered, highly active muscle cells. You are hired by the company to identify the genes (mRNA) that are differentially expressed in the normal versus the engineered mice. Explain in one page how you will […]

Assume you ingest 20 cells of Salmonella typhimurium in a chicken taco.  Some of the bacteria are killed as they pass through the stomach but 10 viable cells survive and reach the intestine.  Suppose further that the sum total of subsequent bacterial replication and death (caused by host immune mechanisms) produces an average generation […]