Question 1: Discuss the effects of urban “heat islands” on regional ecosystems. Include any adiabatic relationships. Question 2: Read Cowles (1899; see LU 1). Does Cowles view the systems via holism or reductionism? What is the single philosophical concept that emerges from his work? Is his model conceptual, mathematical, or […]

Consider a genetic disorder in which healthy allele mutates to a recessive deleterious one with a rate of 10^-8, and the fitness cost is a reduction of the fitness by 25% a. What is the expected long-term frequency of this allele? b. What is the expected long term frequency of […]

Human blood may contain either or both of two antigens, A and B. Blood that contains both antigens A and “B is called AB, and blood that contains neither antigens is called type O. At a certain blood bank. 35% of the blood donors have type A blood, 10% have […]

Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. The minimum age to lawfully purchase tobacco varies by state. Some people would like to increase the smoking age to 21 in all states. Describe at least one positive effect that this would have toward reducing […]