A 20-year-old athlete, Ms. G., had arthroscopic knee surgery. Over the next week she noticed mild swelling, increasing pain, and a small amount of redness at the incision site. Within three weeks the incision site had nearly completely healed, but the patient’s knee remained swollen and painful. In addtion she […]

1. Explain why restriction enzyme and gel electrophoresis are valuable tools in the molecular biology lab. 2. What factors (aside from size) could influence the migration speed of dna fragments in gel electrophresis? 3. The respiratory centers that control ventilation of the lungs in mammals are located in the what? […]

i) What are the most common microorganisms found in the nose? Oropharyx, Nasopharynx? Tonsillar crypts? Lower respiratory tract? Oral cavity? Eye? External ear? Stomach? Small intestine? Colon? Genitourinary tract? ii) Differentiate between common-source and propagated epidemics. iii) Why is cholera the most sever form of gastroenteritis? What is the most […]

Hemoglobin forms a tetramer and is responsible for binding and transporting both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the bloodstream. It does not possess catalytic activity. However, when the first molecule of oxygen binds, it causes a change in the shape of hemoglobin that makes it easier for the second molecule […]