Humans oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen. For each mole of glucose oxidized, about 688 kcal of energy is release. This is true whether the mole of glucose is oxidized in human cells or burned in the air. A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the […]

Biometrics continues to be an emerging field, and its use continues to evolve in criminal investigations. As you know, fingerprints are considered to be scientifically valid evidence that has been accepted by various courts. However, many of these new technologies have not had enough time to be scientifically recognized as […]

A complete motor neuron is removed from a frog and placed in a large volume of modified extracellular saline. The neuron is healthy; it has a stable resting voltage of -70 millivolts. It is not producing any action potentials; its threshold for an action potential is -50 millivolts. The only […]

A 27-year old white female presented at the walking clinic of her local physician on August 15. On physical exam, the patient had a fever of 38.5C. She appeared fatigued, had tender joints, and complained of a headache, a stiff neck and a backache. The physician noticed a circular “rash” […]