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1. Why does Synechocystis not require electroporation or chemical pretreatment prior to transformation?2. What specific genetic manipulation does Synechocystis readily allow that E. coli does not?3. For transformation of Synechocystis, why do you first plate your transformant mixture on a filter on a BG – 11 plate with glucose, and […]

Mitochondrial ATP synthase comprises of several proteins, and some of these proteins are encoded by the genes in nucleus. One of these proteins is called S. A mutation in S gene deletes 21 base pairs which are immediately 3′ to the start codon. The mutant S gene is transcribed and […]

What are the water cycles in biology? It is important for you to have already studied the zoology and physiology sections of this site, since those sections contain basic knowledge required for a better understanding of embryology. Discover the beauty and mystery underlying all of embryology. It is really fascinating […]

1)      Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar contains the dyes eosin and methylene blue, which inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria and therefore select for gram-negative bacteria. These bacteria take up the EMB dye, giving large colonies a dark blue appearance and smaller colonies a green , shiny appearance. 2)      ??? […]