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Question1. Humans have quite a few instances of suboptimal design and evolutionary quirks. Like most animals, we have vestigial structures- things that evolved for a specific purpose at one point in our evolution, but are no longer useful for that purpose. What troublesome human organ is properly regarded as vestigial? Question2. In […]

The citric acid cycle evolved from preexisting metabolic pathways. Evidence includes organisms that do not use the citric acid cycle, but have genes coding for enzymes used in the citric acid cycle Which of the statements about the evolution of the citric acid cycle are consistent with existing knowlege? Can […]

Question 1 : Characteristics of a malignant state include: 1) Dysregulation of the cell cycle and 2) Inhibition of apoptosis. These mechanisms are also hallmarks of a many viral infections? Why are these characteristics also beneficial to many viruses? Explain how viral genes/proteins from a specific virus dysregulate the cell […]

1. What’s the difference between a root and a rhizoid?2. Alternation of generations is a type of life cycle found in which of the following?All land plant species only some kinds of land plants multicellular protistsUnicellular protists some animals3. What are the “two hallmarks” (p. 574) of alternation of generations? […]