1. Which of the following statements is correct about cardiac output?
a. Cardiac output is determined by the heart rate and pulse.
b. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves decreases cardiacoutput.
c. Vagal discharge increases cardiac output.
d. Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and strokevolume.

2. Which of the following is least related to bradycardia?
a. Less than 60 beats per minute
b. Vagal discharge
c. Chronotropic effect
d. Beta 1 adrenergic receptor activation

3. Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve?
a. Sees oxygenated blood
b. Causes left ventricular hypertrophy if the valve is stenotic
c. Allow blood to flow from the ventricle into the pulmonaryartery
d. Classified as a semilunar valve