There is a stable pH and electrical potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane in actively respiring cells. The pH of the cytoplasm is 6.8, the pH of the mitochondrial matrix (inside) is 8.3, and the transmembrane potential is ?150 mV (inside negative). Calculate the free energy of transport (Gt) to move one mole of protons from the cytoplasm (outside) to the matrix (inside) under these conditions and 37°C. Is this direction of proton movement thermodynamically spontaneous?