Thucydides. Why, according to Pericles, is Athens/Athenians s great? Pericles indicates that greatness began when Athenian ancestors earned and sustained Athens’ freedom through relentless courage in fighting its enemies. He also indicates that Athens is the pace setter for its neighbors who emulate its democratic governance. Athens greatness is also attributed to its respect for common and customary laws that allow leadership on merit and regard for the vulnerable in the society.