analysis of nominal categories of wals info for german features : 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57
Project description
analysis of nominal categories of wals info for german features : 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57
check out the features and values on the excel file for german, for instance explain number of genders explain three then give examples for german! Go value by value like this value 30: , value 31 : etc. do not skip any values do not combine them! You can get help from wals info
note : you will need to fill in the 56.th value for german on the excel file!
C Germany French
P Average Average
P Large (7-14) Large (7-14)
P Low Low
P In both plosives and fricatives In both plosives and fricatives
P None missing in /p t k b d g/ None missing in /p t k b d g/
P Uvular continuants only Uvular continuants only
P No glottalized consonants No glottalized consonants
P /l/, no obstruent laterals /l/, no obstruent laterals
P No initial velar nasal No velar nasal
P Contrast absent Contrast present
P High and mid High and mid
P Complex Complex
P No tones No tones
P No fixed stress No fixed stress
P Right-oriented: One of the last three Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate
P Coda consonant Prominence
P Trochaic Undetermined
P All present All present
P None None
M Exclusively concatenative Exclusively concatenative
M Case + number No case
M 2-3 categories per word 4-5 categories per word
M Dependent marking No marking
M Dependent marking Dependent marking
M Dependent marking Inconsistent or other
M Strongly suffixing Strongly suffixing
M No productive reduplication No productive reduplication
M Core and non-core Core and non-core
M Syncretic Syncretic
NC Three Two
NC Sex-based Sex-based
NC Semantic and formal Semantic and formal
NC Plural suffix Plural suffix
NC All nouns, always obligatory All nouns, always obligatory
NC Person-number stem Person-number stem + nominal plural affix
NC Unique periphrastic associative plural No associative plural
NC Definite word distinct from demonstrative Definite word distinct from demonstrative
NC Indefinite word same as one’ Indefinite word same as one’
NC No inclusive/exclusive No inclusive/exclusive
NC No inclusive/exclusive No inclusive/exclusive
NC No distance contrast No distance contrast
NC Identical Different stem
NC Related by gender markers Related by gender markers
NC 3rd person singular only 3rd person singular only
NC Binary politeness distinction Binary politeness distinction
NC Mixed Generic-noun-based
NC Differentiated Differentiated
NC No person marking No person marking
NC 4 cases No morphological case-marking
NC Syncretism in relevant NP-types No case-marking
NC Case suffixes Prepositional clitics
NC Identity Identity
NC First, two-th, three-th First, second, three-th
NC Marked by preceding word No distributive numerals
NC Absent Absent
NC * Formally different
NC No possessive affixes No possessive affixes
NS Absent Absent
NS No possessive classification No possessive classification
NS * Highly differentiated
NS * Without marking
NS Ergative-Possessive Ergative-Possessive
NS * And’ different from with’
NS Identity Identity
VC No grammatical marking Grammatical marking
VC Present, no remoteness distinctions Present, no remoteness distinctions
VC No inflectional future Inflectional future exists
VC From possessive From possessive
VC Tense-aspect suffixes Tense-aspect suffixes
VC Second singular Second singular
VC Normal imperative + normal negative Normal imperative + normal negative
VC Neither type of system Neither type of system
VC Inflectional optative absent Inflectional optative absent
VC Verbal constructions Verbal constructions
VC Verbal constructions Verbal constructions
VC Overlap for both possibility and necessity Overlap for both possibility and necessity
VC Indirect only Indirect only
VC Modal morpheme Modal morpheme
VC Tense Tense and aspect
VC None None
WO No dominant order SVO
WO SV SV
WO No dominant order VO
WO No dominant order VOX
WO Prepositions Prepositions
WO Noun-Genitive Noun-Genitive
WO Adjective-Noun Noun-Adjective
WO Demonstrative-Noun Demonstrative-Noun
WO Numeral-Noun Numeral-Noun
WO Noun-Relative clause Noun-Relative clause
WO Degree word-Adjective Degree word-Adjective
WO No question particle Initial
WO Initial interrogative phrase Initial interrogative phrase
WO Initial subordinator word Initial subordinator word
WO Other VO and Prepositions
WO Other VO and Nrel
WO Other VO and Nadj
SC Nominative accusative (standard) Neutral
SC Nominative accusative (standard) Nominative accusative (standard)
SC Accusative Accusative
SC Obligatory pronouns in subject position Obligatory pronouns in subject position
SC Only the A argument Only the A argument
SC No zero realization No zero realization
SC A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb
SC Indirect-object construction Indirect-object construction
SC Mixed Mixed
SC Present Present
SC No antipassive No antipassive
SC No applicative construction No applicative construction
SC Sequential but no purposive *
SC Morphological but no compound Both
SC Negative particle Negative particle
SC Symmetric Symmetric
SC Non-assignable Non-assignable
SC No predicate negation Mixed behaviour
SC Interrogative word order Question particle
SC haben’ und Genitive *
SC Nonverbal encoding Nonverbal encoding
SC Identical Identical
SC Impossible Impossible
SC Particle Comparative Particle
CS Relative pronoun Relative pronoun
CS Relative pronoun Relative pronoun
CS Subject is left implicit Subject is left implicit
CS Balanced/deranked Deranked
CS Balanced/deranked Balanced/deranked
CS Balanced Balanced/deranked
CS * Balanced/deranked
L Different Different
L Different Different
L Decimal Decimal
L 6 6
L 11 11
L Green vs. blue Green vs. blue
L Red vs. yellow Red vs. yellow
L M-T pronouns, paradigmatic M-T pronouns, paradigmatic
L No N-M pronouns No N-M pronouns
L Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te
WO Type 1 / Type 2 OptDoubleNeg
WO More than one position *