Question 1

. 
 According to Choice Theory, delinquents engage in criminal behavior because:




.

.

. they are suffering from an identity crisis

.

.

. they learn the behavior from their peers

.

.

. the succumb to peer pressure

.

.

. they think their actions are economically or emotionally profitable

. 


5 points

Question 2

. 
 Routine Activities Theory includes all of the following except:




.

.

. absence of suitable targets

.

.

. availability of suitable targets

.

.

. absence of capable guardians

.

.

. presence of motivated offenders

. 


5 points

Question 3

. 
 The purpose of punishment under general deterrence is to send a message to the rest of society. 
 


.

. 


True 
False 



5 points

Question 4

. 
 Cesare Lombroso is credited as the father of criminology because:




.

.

. He was the first person to write about crime


.

.

. He was the first person to show a correlation between criminal behavior and biological factors


.

.

. He was the first to use the scientific method to study crime

.

.

. He was the first person to challenge CesareBeccaria


. 


5 points

Question 5

. 
 Which theory attributes criminal behavior to genetic traits and environmental influences?




.

.

. positivism

.

.

. classical

.

.

. biosocial

.

.

. psychodynamic

. 


5 points

Question 6

. 
 Positivists believe crime is a function of personal traits and physical or mental conditions.



True 
False 



5 points

Question 7

. 
 According to Sheldon, which body type was closely related to criminal and/or delinquent behavior?




.

.

. mesomorphs

.

.

. mectomorphs

.

.

. endomorphs

.

.

. ectomorphs

. 


5 points

Question 8

. 
 In psychodynamic theory, Freud claimed that the personality was made up of three important parts. Which one if the following is not one of them?




.

.

. super ego

.

.

. superior ego

.

.

. ego

.

.

. ID

. 


5 points

Question 9

. 
 According to social learning theory, behavior is a result of learned social experiences.



True 
False 



5 points 

 

Question 10

. 
 Relative deprivation occurs when poor and wealthy neighborhoods are far away from one another.



True 
False 



5 points

Question 11

. 
 Edwin Sutherland is the creator of the Theory of Differential Association.



True 
False 



5 points

Question 12

. 
 Labeling Theory is concerned with the societal response to the delinquent act.



True 
False 



5 points

Question 13

. 
 According to Shaw and McKay delinquency is produced by:




.

.

. learning processes in small intimate groups


.

.

. rational and informed decisions

.

.

. transitional neighborhoods

.

.

. opportunity

. 


5 points

Question 14

. 
 Merton spoke about all of the following as adaptations to strain except:




.

.

. retreat

.

.

. rebellion

.

.

. routine

.

.

. ritual

. 


5 points

Question 15

. 
 Robert Agnew examined three sources of strain. The death of a loved one would be characterized under which group? 




.

.

. Strain caused by a failure to achieve positively valued goals


.

.

. Strain as the removal of positively valued stimuli


.

.

. Strain as the presence of negative stimuli


.

.

. Strain as the removal of negatively valued stimuli

. 


5 points

Question 16

. 
 She was responsible for her own rape. Why else would she go back to his hotel room alone at such a late hour? According to Skyes and Matza, this is an example of:




.

.

. denial of responsibility


.

.

. denial of injury

.

.

. condemnation of the condemners

.

.

. denial of the victim

. 


5 points

Question 17

. 
 Hirschi’s social bond/control theory includes all of the following except:




.

.

. attachment

.

.

. interconnectedness

.

.

. involvement

.

.

. belief

. 


5 points

Question 18

. 
 According to the conflict view, crime is a function of:




.

.

. class

.

.

. learning

.

.

. socialization

.

.

. fear

. 


5 points

Question 19

. 
 Walter Miller is one of authors responsible for Neutralization Theory.


True 
False 



5 points

Question 20


 Fraternal twins have more of the same behavior characteristics than identical twins


True 
False